Love Egypt holiday

the tombs of pyramid’s builders

Mon, 05 Oct 2020 18:10:08 +0000

The Discovery of the Tombs of the Pyramid Builders at Giza:
Dr. Zahi Hawass / Undersecretary of the State for the Giza Monuments

It was my hope to discover the tombs

of the workers who were constructing the Giza pyramids.

In my study, I figured the tombs and the camp

of workers were supposed to be situated south-east of the Sphinx.

Workers and farmers constitute about 80% of Ancient Egypt ‘s population, and we know

a lot about rulers, queens, and nobles, but we don’t know much about ordinary citizens.

The pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, the Sphinx and the tombs of the noble artisans of the Old

Kingdom who founded these great monuments have attracted explorers, scholars and visitors for centuries to the wonders of Giza.

The pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, the Sphinx and the tombs of the noble artisans of the Old Kingdom who founded these great temples have attracted explorers, scholars and visitors to the wonders of Giza for centuries.

In the fifth century B.C., when the Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt, his guides told

him that 100,000 men had worked for 20 years to build the pyramid of Khufu.An enormous support system must have existed at Giza for at least 67 years, the combined minimum lengths of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure’s reigns.

such support would have included production facilities for food, ceramics and building materials (gypsum mortar, stone, wood and metal tools); storage facilities for food, fuel and other supplies, housing for workmen , their families and priests responsible for services in pyramid temples that remained in use long after the main building phase was completed, and a cemetery for workers who died in the employ of the royal necropolis.

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Meidum Pyramid

Mon, 05 Oct 2020 17:31:05 +0000

An archaeological site in Upper Egypt

is Meidum, Maydum or Maidum (Arabic: Meidum).

It includes a large pyramid

and many mastabas made of mud-brick.

The pyramid was the first straight-sided one in

Egypt, but in ancient times it partly collapsed.

The area is situated about 100

km (62 miles) south of modern Cairo.

Meidum’s pyramid is assumed to be only the second pyramid constructed after Djoser’s[2] and may

have been initially designed for Huni, the third dynasty’s last pharaoh, and continued by Sneferu.

The pyramid is called el-heram el-kaddaab–(Pseudo Pyramid)

in Egyptian Arabic because of its odd appearance.

By filling in the steps with limestone encasing, the second

extension transformed the initial step pyramid concept into a true pyramid.

While this approach is consistent with the nature

of the other true pyramids, construction errors affected Meidum.

Second, as with the inner layers, the outer

layer was built on sand and not on rock.

Second, as the final phase, the inner step pyramids were built. The outer surface was therefore polished

and the steps’ platforms were not horizontal,But it dropped

on the outside.

This seriously undermined stability and is likely to have caused the Meidum Pyramid to collapse in a downpour while the building was still being constructed.

The pyramid did not fall until the New Kingdom, Franck Monnier[4] and

others assume, but there are a variety of evidence contradicting this hypothesis.

It appears that the Meidum Pyramid was never completed. All the pyramids had a valley temple from Sneferu to the 12th Dynasty, which is absent at Meidum.

Mortuary temple, which was located at the base of the pyramid under the rubble.

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King Farouk’s Corner

Mon, 05 Oct 2020 16:58:36 +0000

On the banks of the Nile in Helwan near Cairo, the three-storey King Farouk Corner, its modest boat-shaped design and quaint

garden giving the impression of a country lodge, stands in an area far from the bustle of this now busy city.

Some 80 years ago, Helwan was a quiet retreat, enjoyed by members of the royal family, aristocrats

and top government officials, and the corner is a reminder of this period’s clean air and lush greenery.

In 1916, in order to build a tea kiosk for the grand hotel in Helwan

at that time, the Italian architect Arsan Giovanni bought the land where the corner was built.

It was purchased by Mohamed Bek Hafez in 1932 and then sold in 1935 to King Farouk, who added a large garden.

Building construction was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, but the building was finished in 1942 and was surrounded by a botanical garden of rare plants.

The house includes a basement with a wide rear entrance

gate where the quarters for the kitchen and servants are housed.

The Corner will now be linked to the Hapi Nile Tour, a ministry

trip launched two years ago linking four sites in Cairo located on the Nile.

The sites are the Tahrir Square Egyptian Museum,

Mohamed Ali Manial Palace and Roda Island’s Al-Manesterly Palace.

This relatively small home, opened by the King on September 5, 1942, is

only three storeys high, with the basement containing the kitchen and servants’ quarters.

The corner is actually shaped to look like a boat, which is noticeable if you

take a ferry to the other side of the river, after being constructed on the Nile.

The building’s interior is decorated in a rather pharaonic style, with everything from tiny

clocks and paperweights to complete dining sets embellished with pharaohs and hieroglyphic designs and etchings.

The King also had a scale model replica put on his balcony of Luxor’s Karnak Temple, and three replica mummification beds in his bedroom.

A life-size bronze statue of an ancient Egyptian harpist greets visitors to the Corner, which also contains a bronze sphinx and a huge gilded clock encrusted with precious stones and featuring golden dials. The glass frame of the clock is decorated with golden ancient Egyptian-style crocodiles.

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Pyramid of Khafre

Fri, 18 Sep 2020 19:08:40 +0000

The Khafre or Chephren Pyramid is the second-highest and second-largest of the Ancient Egyptian Giza Pyramids and the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled from c. 2558 to BC 2532.

The base length of the pyramid is 215.5 m and it rises to 136.4 metres (448 ft ) high. It consists of blocks of limestone weighing more than 2 tonnes each. The pyramid ‘s slope rises at an angle of 53 ° 13, ‘steeper than its neighbour, the Khufu Pyramid, which has an angle of 51 ° 50’24. The pyramid of Khafre sits 10 m (33 ft) higher on the bedrock than the pyramid of Khufu, which makes it look taller.

During the First Intermediate Period, the pyramid was possibly opened and robbed. The overseer of temple building took casing stones during the Nineteenth Dynasty to create a temple in Heliopolis on the orders of Ramesses II.

Arab historian Ibn Abd al Salam documented the opening of the pyramid in 1372 A.D. There is an Arabic graffito on the wall of the burial chamber which is possibly dated from the same period.

When the rest of the casing stones were stolen, it is unknown; they were probably still in place by 1646, when John Greaves, professor of astronomy at the University of Oxford

in his Pyramidography, wrote that although its stones were not as big or as frequently laid as in Khufu’s, the surface was smooth and even free of disparities, except in the south.

On March 2, 1818, when the original entrance was located on the north side, the pyramid was first explored in modern times by Giovanni Belzoni.

Belzoni was hoping to discover an intact grave, but except for an open sarcophagus and its broken lid on the floor, the chamber was empty.

John Perring undertook the

first full discovery in 1837.

Auguste Mariette partially excavated Khafre’s valley temple in 1853, and he managed

to discover a diorite statue of Khafre while completing its clearance in 1858.

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The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization

Thu, 17 Sep 2020 18:10:48 +0000

In the ancient city of Fustat, now part of Cairo , Egypt, the National

Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) is a large museum (23,235 square metres of exhibition space).

The museum was partially opened in February 2017 and will exhibit a collection

of 50,000 artefacts from prehistoric times to the present day, displaying Egyptian civilization.

NMEC is the first museum of its type in the Arab world, devoted entirely to highlight the Egyptian civilization from prehistory to the present day. The museum is located within the archaeological site El-Fustat (First Islamic Capital), overlooking Ain El sira springs.

The museum aims to frame the Egyptian tangible and intangible heritage showing the influence of the Egyptians on their land through history. The institution is built as an educational and research center to preserve, commemorate and publish information regarding the Egyptian civilization. The collection is displayed through six thematic galleries, constructed to cover the following topics: Dawn of Civilization, The Nile, Writing State and Society, Material Culture, Beliefs and Thinking

The Museum’s collections will be displayed in a core permanent exhibition of the principle achievements of Egyptian civilization, with six thematic galleries covering the Dawn of Civilization, The Nile, Writing, State and Society, Material Culture, Beliefs and Thinking and the Gallery of Royal Mummies.

The Museum will also have generous temporary exhibition spaces, an auditorium and an education and research centre, as well as an exhibition on the development of the modern city of Cairo. It will act as a venue for a variety of events, including film screenings, conferences, lectures and cultural activities and will target broad local, national and international audiences.

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Temple of Kalabsha

Wed, 16 Sep 2020 17:05:51 +0000

The Kalabsha Temple (also Mandulis Temple) is an ancient Egyptian temple which was

originally situated at Bab al-Kalabsha (Kalabsha Gate), about 50 km south of Aswan.

The temple was located in Nubia on the west bank of the Nile

River and was originally built in the early Roman period around 30 BC.

While the temple was built during the

reign of Augustus, it was never completed.

The temple was a homage to

the Lower Nubian sun god Mandulis (Merul).

It was constructed over an earlier sanctuary of Amenhotep II.

The temple measures 76 m

long and 22 m tall.

Although the framework dates from the Roman era, many fine reliefs are featured, such as

“a fine carving of Horus emerging from reeds on the temple ‘s inner curtain wall.”

A staircase leads up to the roof of the temple from Kalabsha’s “sanctuary quarters,”

where one can see a magnificent view of the temple itself and the holy lake.

“On the temple walls of Kalabsha, several historical records were engraved as” a long inscription carved by the Roman Governor Aurelius Besarion in AD 250, forbidding pigs in the temple “as well

as an inscription of” the Nubian king Silko, carved during the 5th century and recording his victory over the Blemmyes and an image of him dressed as a Roman soldier on horseback.Silko was the Christian king of the Nubian kingdom of Nobatia.

The temple was used as a church when Christianity was brought to Egypt.

With Germany’s support, after the Aswan High Dam was completed, Kalabsha ‘s temple was moved to protect it from rising waters on Lake Nasser.

The temple had been relocated to a site, just south of the Aswan High Dam.

The temple moving method took more than two years.

The Kalabsha temple was Egyptian Nubia ‘s largest freestanding temple (after Abu Simbel) to be relocated and erected at a new site.Although the building was never completed, it “is regarded as one of the best examples of Egyptian architecture in Nubia.

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Memnon statues

Wed, 16 Sep 2020 14:13:37 +0000

The Colossi of Memnon, Colossus of Memnon, Colossus of Memnon, Statue of Banu, were created around the year 1350 BC, which is all that remains of a temple commemorating the Pharaoh (Amenhotep III), located in Western Thebes, Egypt. Ruler of King Amenhotep III, one of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, which is the most powerful ruling family in ancient Egyptian history.
In the first century BC, about 1300 years after the creation of the two statues, some of their parts cracked and cracks occurred in the left statue. And if the morning air passed through those cracks saturated with dew, a whistling sound would hear him, which prompted historians of ancient Greece who visited Egypt in the first century B.C. according to the logical level prevailing at the time to claim that the statue sings at the sunrise, and they recorded this strange phenomenon in writing on the leg of the statue And his base and wrote poems in Greek about it.
The Roman Emperor Hadrian and his wife Yebena came and spent several days next to the statue to listen to its singing, according to the claims of interpretations of that era.

As for the link between these two statues and “Memnon”, the Greek myth in that is not without its funny. They attributed the two statues to one of the Athenian heroes called “Memnon” who participated in the Trojan War, and it happened that he was killed by “Achilles”, one of the Greek heroes in that war. Memnon was considered a son of the dawn “Ayos” and they claimed that this hero, who died killed, used to greet his mother with a breeze every morning with a sad voice.
With the increasing importance of the myth that was woven around these two statues, until one of the Roman emperors decided to fix the cracks and cracks of the statues, around the year 200 AD the sound ceased forever, and it is the Western phenomenon that remained for a long time a reason for the influx of visitors and travelers to Egypt, and the truth remains. , And that these two statues are of King Amenhotep III, one of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, which is the most powerful ruling family in ancient Egyptian history.

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Medinet Habu (temple)

Tue, 15 Sep 2020 18:29:53 +0000

The Mortuary Temple, the Temple of Medinet Habu, or the Temple of Ramses III; It is one of the greatest temples of the twentieth family built by King Ramses III to hold funeral rites for him and to worship the idol Amun, the temple consists of a great entrance surrounded by two towers, on these towers are inscriptions representing the family’s arms and pictures of Ramses III, and the upper layers of these two towers were dedicated to the royal harem, this temple is considered the most luxurious The temples were furniture and carvings, and the statue of (Amun) was decorated with precious stones. On the temple walls we find valuable inscriptions, a scene depicting the maritime victory over the tribes of the Sea Peoples (Sherdana), and other scenes that represent the maritime campaign against the Libyans, as we see some deities carrying offerings from royal losses preparing them For the idol Amon in the temple.

The Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu was an important new kingdom period temple structure in the West Bank of Luxor in Egypt. Aside from its size and architectural and artistic importance, the mortuary temple is probably best known as the source of inscribed reliefs depicting the advent and defeat of the Sea Peoples during the reign of Ramesses III.

The temple, some 150 m (490 ft) long, is of orthodox design, and closely resembles the nearby mortuary temple of Ramesses II (the Ramesseum). The temple precinct measures approximately 210 m (690 ft). by 300 m (1,000 ft) and contains more than 7,000 m2 (75,347 sq ft) of decorated wall reliefs.[4] Its walls are relatively well preserved and it is surrounded by a massive mudbrick enclosure, which may have been fortified. The original entrance is through a fortified gate-house, known as a migdol (a common architectural feature of Asiatic fortresses of the time).

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Tombs of Mustafa Kamel

Wed, 09 Sep 2020 20:00:19 +0000

Mustafa Kamel Archaeological Tombs These tombs belonging to the Ptolemaic period are located next to the housing area of the officers in Mustafa Kamel Alexandria. They consist of four tombs, all of which were carved into the rock .. The first and second tombs were carved under the surface of the earth. The first cemetery is reached to this cemetery through a wide carved staircase. In the rock, it leads to a square-shaped courtyard surrounded by several weights carried by half-columns … On the sides of the courtyard were ten rooms and the second tomb with a staircase carved into the rock leads to the courtyard of this cemetery and the square-shaped courtyard and the south side of this courtyard is occupied by a façade with two columns .. followed by a room On each side of its right and left sides are two openings, each containing two cemeteries, one above the other .. and the second room is like a hall for performing prayers and has two large mastabas on top of each of them several burial openings are dug and the third cemetery This cemetery is more destroyed than the previous two cemeteries. And it was at a higher level. It has a staircase that ends at the bottom with a rectangular seat attached to the southern wall of the courtyard and the fourth tomb is located to the north of the previous cemetery towards the sea .. and differs in its design from other tombs and the cemetery. A room with a staircase leading to a square courtyard surrounded by columns, and on each side are two cylindrical columns between two square columns. In the middle of the courtyard is a small altar attached to it on the south side a small stool .. And to the north of this altar is another circular altar .. and the rooms are distributed on the sides of the courtyard. The western part of this cemetery was completely destroyed

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Kom al-Shuqafa cemeteries

Mon, 07 Sep 2020 19:45:36 +0000

The Kom al-Shuqafa cemeteries are a historical archaeological site located in Alexandria, in the Kom al-Shuqafa area, south of the Mina al-Basal district, and it is considered one of the most important cemeteries in the city, and it is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World in the Middle Ages. The cemetery consists of a series of Alexandrian tombs, statues, and archaeological remains of Pharaonic funerary worship, and because of the time period at the time, many of the features of the catacombs in Kom al-Shuqafa combine Roman, Greek and Egyptian cultural points. The cemetery’s layout, the bifurcation of the tombs, their sequence and the different decorative elements in them make us believe that this cemetery did not It was adopted in one go, and the excavations confirmed that the cemetery was expanded during the following centuries, but the similarity of the architectural and decorative elements makes us not extend the period during which the tomb was expanded to a long time and the cemetery, or rather the oldest part of it, revolves around a cylindrical well or a birthplace of light carved into the rock and the ladder is built from Square stone blocks in which round windows were formed from the top, the interior face is from the lighting well (the lantern) m, and it is roofed in the form of a vault built from five rows of long blocks of adjacent stone

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